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Bolognese Swordsmanship
Bolognese Swordsmanship, also sometimes known as the Dardi school, is a tradition within the Italian school of swordsmanship which is based on the surviving fencing treatises published by several 16th century fencing masters of Bologna,〔Leoni, Tom, tr. ''The Complete Renaissance Swordsman: A Guide to the Use of All Manner of Weapons ~ Antonio Manciolino's Opera Nova (1531)''. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. 9-11. ISBN 978-0-9825911-3-0〕 although records indicate that as early as the 14th century several fencing masters were living and teaching in the city: a maestro Rosolino in 1338, a maestro Nerio in 1354, and a maestro Francesco in 1385.〔Leoni, Tom, tr. ''The Complete Renaissance Swordsman: A Guide to the Use of All Manner of Weapons ~ Antonio Manciolino's Opera Nova (1531)''. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. 9-11. ISBN 978-0-9825911-3-0〕
The Dardi school is named after Lippo Bartolomeo Dardi, a professor of mathematics and astronomy at the University of Bologna, who was licensed as a fencing master and founded a fencing school in Bologna in 1415, just a few years after Fiore dei Liberi had completed his ''Fior di Battaglia''. The Dardi School constituted both the last great medieval Western martial arts tradition as well as the first great Renaissance tradition, embracing both armed and unarmed combat. No manuscript ascribed to Dardi himself survives, although his tradition became the foundation for the work of Antonio Manciolino and Achille Marozzo, both possibly students of famed Bolognese master Guido Antonio de Luca.〔Mele, Gregory D. "Fighting Arts of the Renaissance ~ Bologna: City of Swordsmen." ''Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation''. 2nd. Vol. I. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-Clio Inc, 2010. 249-250. Print. ISBN 978-1-59884-243-2〕〔Leoni, Tom, tr. ''The Complete Renaissance Swordsman: A Guide to the Use of All Manner of Weapons ~ Antonio Manciolino's Opera Nova (1531)''. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. 9-11. ISBN 978-0-9825911-3-0〕
The Bolognese masters whose treatises have survived shared a greater consistency of style, terminology and pedagogy with each other than with fencing masters of the period from other parts of Italy, thus justifying their treatment as a single school. The Dardi school focused primarily the single-handed side-sword still used for both cutting and thrusting. The side-sword was used in combination with various defensive weapons, including a shield (''brocchiero'', ''rotella'' or ''targa''), a dagger, a gauntlet or a cape. The two-handed sword or ''spadone'' was also still taught, although losing its prominence. In addition, instruction on fighting with the poleaxe and other polearms was given.〔Leoni, Tom, tr. ''The Complete Renaissance Swordsman: A Guide to the Use of All Manner of Weapons ~ Antonio Manciolino's Opera Nova (1531)''. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. 9-11. ISBN 978-0-9825911-3-0〕〔Mele, Gregory D. "Fighting Arts of the Renaissance ~ Bologna: City of Swordsmen." ''Martial Arts of the World: An Encyclopedia of History and Innovation''. 2nd. Vol. I. Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-Clio Inc, 2010. 249-250. Print. ISBN 978-1-59884-243-2〕〔Mele, Gregory. "Bolognese Poleaxe Combat: A New Look at an Old Weapon." ''In the Service of Mars: Proceedings from the Western Martial Arts Workshop 1999–2009, Volume I.'' Ed. Gregory D. Mele. 1st ed. Wheaton, IL: Freelance Academy Press, 2010. 13-39. Print. ISBN 978-0-9825911-5-4〕
==Sources==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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